Effects of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) on feed digestibility, growth performance and gut microbiota of broilers chickens

Authors

  • Romario Kodel Tindo Tsamene University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Ruben Ngouana Tadjong University of Douala, Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi, Aquaculture Department, Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources, PO Box: 2701 Douala, Cameroon.
  • Augustin Derrick Kana Sagne University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Pascaline Ciza Azine Université Evangélique en Afrique, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Département de Zootechnie et Environnement, République Démocratique du Congo (RDC).
  • Mikaël Donfack University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Mama Mouchili University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Franck Mael Tchakounte University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Gilchrist Tchouan Deffo University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Langston Wilfried Edie Nounamo University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Evariste Taboumda University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Jean Raphaël Kana University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.

Abstract

Antibiotics residues were reported to accumulate in animal farm products and equally develop resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of neem seeds oil as antibiotic substute on feed digestibility, growth performance and gut microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 336 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly assigned to 7 treatments replicated 3 times with 16 chicks each (8 males, 8 females). The experimental rations consisted of a control ration without supplementation (R0), a positive control ration containing 1 g antibiotic/kg feed (R0+) and five other rations supplemented with 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g of neem oil/kg feed respectively. No significant differences were observed on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein at any oil level compared to the control rations. Following digestibility, the highest values of dry matter (78.53 ±2.54 %), organic matter (83.77 ± 1.14 %) and crude protein (91.28 ±1.15 %) were respectively recorded in animals fed 6 g neem oil/kg feed. With the exception of birds fed 1 g neem oil/kg feed, feed intake, live weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved with this oil as feed additive. The lowest FCR value (2.01 ± 0.03) was recorded with 6 g neem oil/kg feed. Carcass characteristics were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected compared to the control ration. Neem oil induced an increase in Lactobacilli counts compared to Salmonella and Escherichia coli counts. In conclusion, neem oil at 6 g/kg feed, improved feed palatability, stabilize gut microbiota thereby favoring a better absorption of nutrients and thus improve growth performance of broilers.

References

Aribi, N., Dénis, B., Kilani-Marakchi, S., Joly, D., 2020. Azardirachtin a natural pesticide with multiple effects. Med. Sci. Paris, 36(1), 44-49.

Chardon, H., Brugere, H., 2014. Antibiotic use in livestock and meat industries. African Heath Safety Notebooks. Meat Information Center. 35p.

Egbeyale, L.T., Adeleye, O.O., Ayo-Ajasa, O.Y., Shekoni, T.E., Ayoola, A.A., Sulaiman, O.M., Shobukola, K., 2018. Response of broiler chickens to frequency of dietary inclusion of neem leaf meal. Malays. J. Anim. Sci., 21(2), 49-58.

Elaroussi, M.A., Mohamed, M.S., El Barkouki, E.M., Abdou, A.M., Hatab, M.H., 2008. Ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens: functional and histological changes in target organs. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7(5), 414-422.

Faye, M., 2010. New fractionation process of neem seed (Azadirachta indica a.jussi) from Senegal: production of a bio-pesticide oil and cake. National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (NPI Toulouse). Thesis in Agro-resource Sciences. 267p.

Huyghebaert, G., Ducatelle, R., Van Immerseel, F., 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Vet. Sci., 187(2), 182-188.

INRA, 2013. Use of essential oils in poultry feeds. Hypotheses on the modes of action involved in the observed effects. INRA Prod. Anim., 26(1), 13-24.

Kana, J.R., Mube, K.H., Ngouana, T.R., Tsafong, F., Komguep, R., Yangoue, A., Teguia, A., 2017. Effect of dietary mimosa small bell (Dichostachys glomerata) fruit supplement as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broiler chicken. J. World Poult. Res., 7, 27-34.

Kana, J.R., Teguia, A., Mungfu, B.M., Tchoumboue, J., 2011. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded levels of charcoal from maize cob or seed of Canarium schweinfurthii Engh. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod., 43, 51-56.

Khattak, F., Ronchi, A., Castelli, P., Sparks, N., 2014. Effects of natural blend of essential oil on growth performance, blood biochemistry, cecal morphology, and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 93, 13-27.

Koona, S., Budida, S., 2011. Antibacterial potential of the extracts of the leaves of Azadirachta indica linn. Not. Sci. Biol., 3, 65-69.

Mafouo, S.V., Kana, J.R., Nguepi, D.K., 2019a. Preservative effects of Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) on farm-mixed poultry feed. Int. J. Livest. Res., 9(3), 49-61.

Mafouo, S.V., Kana, J.R., Nguepi, D.K., 2019b. Effects of graded levels of Azadirachta indica seed oil on growth performance and biochemical and biochemical profiles of broiler chickens. Anim. Nutr. Prod. Res. Unit, 5, 442-450.

Munoz-Valenzuela, S., Ibarra-Lopez, A.A., Rubia-Silva, L.M., Vadez-Davila, H., Borboa-Flores, J., 2007. Neem tree morphology and oil content. In new crops and new uses. Janick, J., Whipkey, A. (eds). Alexandria, VA. 126 -128.

Ngouana, T.R., Kana, J.R., Necdem, T.B., Yemdjie, Mane, D.D., Mube, K.H., Kuiede, S., Teguia, A., Meimandipour, A., 2017. Performances of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with thyme and oregano essential oils stabilized in a plant charcoal matrix. J. World. Poult. Res., 7(2), 79-87.

Nkouam, G.B., Musongo, B., Bouba, A.A., Tchatchueng, J.B., Kapseu, C., Barth, D., 2017. Traditional techniques of oil extraction from Kapok (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.), Mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) and Neem (Azadirach indica A. Juss.) seeds from the far-north region of Cameroon. Int. J. Env. Agricult. Biotech., 2(4), 2456-1878.

Nodu, M.B., Okpeku, M., Akpoveta, Z.A., Iroegbu, D.O., 2016. Evaluation of Azadirachta indica leaf extract on haematology and biochemical profiles, organ weight and growth parameters of broiler chickens. J. New. Sci.,

(5), 1879-1884.

Ogbuewu, I.P., Uchegbu, M.C., Okoli, I.C., Iloeje, M.U., 2010. Assessment of blood chemistry, weight gain and linear body measurements of pre-puberal buck rabbits fed different levels of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss.) leaf meals. Chil. J. Agr. Res., 70, 515-520.

Ogbuewu, I.P., Okoro, V.M., Okoli, I.C., Iloeje, M.U., 2011. Evaluation of dried leaf meal of an ethno medicinal plant-neem on linear growths and reproductive tract morphometry of rabbit does. Elec. J. Env. Agr. Food Chem., 10, 2153-2159.

Oluwafemi, R.A., Oluwayinka, E., OAlagbe, J.O., 2020. Effect of dietary supplementation of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned rabbits. Int. J. Integr. Educ., (3), 100-105.

Patil, M.R., Ingole, S.R., Pathak, P.V., Joshi, V.M., 2016. Effect of neem oil supplementation on growth performance and hematobiochemical profile in broilers. Indian. J. Vet. Sci. Biotech., 12(2), 59-61.

Riyazi, S.R., Yahya, E., Hosseini, S.A., Meimandipour, A., Ghorban, A., 2015. The effects of the avilamycin, Protexin® and basil essential oil supplements on ileal bacteria of broiler chickens. Vet. Sci. Dev., 5(1), 64-67.

Shaahu, D.T., Uza, O., Gege, B.M., Awua, L.L., 2020. Comparative efficiency of antibiotics and Aqueous Fresh Neem leaf extract on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and economics of production of broiler chickens. Niger. J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 3(1), 1-9.

Shihab, I.M., AL-Zuhari, M.T., Abdullah, S.M., Mutar, S.S., 2017. Impact of supplementation Neem powder (Azadirachta indica) to diet broiler in immunological, physiological and productive traits. Adv. Environ. Biol., 11(3), 44-51.

Talukdar, A.D., Choudhary, M.D., Chakraborty, M., Dutta, B.K., 2010. Phytochemical screening and TLC profiling of plant extracts Cyathea gigantea (Wall. Ex. Hook.) Haltt and Cyathea brunoniana Wall. Ex. Hook. (Cl. and Bak.).

J. Sci. Technol. Biol. Environ. Sci., 5, 70-74.

Valarmathy, K., Gokulakrishnan, M., Kausar, M.S., Paul, K.A., 2010. Study of antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of various plant leaves against selected microbial species. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 1, 293-295.

Wafaa, B.Z., Khadiga, A.A., Bakheit, M.D., Ahmed, G.M., 2012. The effect of ginger root powder (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on broiler chick's performance, blood and serum constituents. J. Anim. Feed. Res., 1, 457-460.

Published

2022-11-15

How to Cite

Tindo Tsamene, R. K., Ngouana Tadjong, R., Kana Sagne, A. D. ., Ciza Azine, P. ., Donfack, M. ., Mouchili, M. ., Tchakounte, F. M. ., Tchouan Deffo, G. ., Edie Nounamo, L. W. ., Taboumda, E. ., & Kana, J. R. . (2022). Effects of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) on feed digestibility, growth performance and gut microbiota of broilers chickens. Scientific Journal of Animal Science, 10(6), 767-775. Retrieved from http://sjournals.com/index.php/sjas/article/view/1733

Issue

Section

Original Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)