Effects of in-feed blend spices on growth performance, digestibility profile and production cost of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)

Authors

  • Langston Wilfried Edie Nounamo University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Ruben Ngouana Tadjong University of Douala, Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi, Aquaculture Department, Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources, PO Box: 2701 Douala, Cameroon.
  • Pascaline Ciza Azine Université Evangélique en Afrique, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Département de Zootechnie et Environnement, République Démocratique du Congo (RDC).
  • Agwah Ebile Dayan University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Carelle Doriane Nanken Tsague University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Herman Joël Pimagha Moffo University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Arielle Priscila Kemmo Kenhago University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Jean Raphaël Kanaa University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Production and Nutrition Research Unit, PO Box: 70 Dschang, Cameroon.

Keywords:

Antibiotic, Digestibility, Japanese quail, Production cost, Spice

Abstract

The side effects and banning of synthetic antibiotics made researchers to turn towards phytobiotics which has been hypothesise to act as synthetic antibiotics, having no side effects and having positive returns. The present study was assigned to evaluate the effects of in-feed blend Afrostyrax lepidophyllus, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Dichrostachys glomerata and Syzygium aromaticum on production performances of Japanese quails. A total of 144 two weeks old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 4 replicates of 6 birds each in a completely randomised design. The treatments consisted of incorporating in 1 kg of basal diet (T0), 1 g of antibiotic Doxycyclin (T0+), 4 g (2/2) blend Dichrostachys glomerata - Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (T1), 4 g (2/2) blend Dichrostachys glomerata - Tetrapleura tetraptera (T2), 4 g (2/2) blend Dichrostachys glomerata - Syzygium aromaticum (T3) and 4 g (1/1/1/1) blend of all four spices (T4). Throughout the study (35 days), feed intake, live body weight, weight gain significantly (p<0.05) decreased with in-feed blend spices while feed conversion ratio was comparable (p>0.05) in all treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were comparable (p>0.05) meanwhile crude protein (97.82%) and crude cellulose (87.79%) digestibility were highest (p<0.05) in animals fed on blend D. glomerata - S. aromaticum. Apart for quails fed on synthetic antibiotic treatment, intestine length was lowest (p<0.05) compared to all treatments, carcass characteristics and digestive organ’s mensurations were comparable amongst treatments. Meanwhile, feed intake costs 223.25 and 238.95 Fcfa were respectively lowest (p<0.05) with blend D. glomerata - T. tetraptera and D. glomerata - S. aromaticum. It was concluded that incorporating 4 g (2/2) blend Dichrostachys glomerata - Syzygium aromaticum in quail’s feed improve protein and cellulose digestibility and reduce feed intake cost.

References

A.O.A.C (Association of Official Analytical chemists), 1990. Official methods of analysis (14th Edition). Washington, DC, USA.

Agostini, P.S., Sola-Oriol, D., Nofrarias, M., Barroeta, A.C., Gasa, J., Manzanilla, E.G., 2012. Role of in-feed clove supplementation on growth performance, intestinal microbiology, and morphology in broiler chicken. Livest. Sci., 147, 113-118.

Akyildiz, S., Denli, M., 2016. Application of plant extracts as feed additives in poultry nutrition. Scientific papers, Series D, Anim. Sci., 59, 71-74.

Alloui, M.N., Ben Aksa, S.N., Ibri, F., 2011. Utilisation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) as growth promoter for broiler chickens. J. World Poult. Res., 2, 25-27.

Alonge, E.O., Eruvbetine, D., Idowu, O.M.O., Obadina, A.O., Olukomaiya, O.O., 2017. Effect of dietary feed additives on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. O. J. A. F. R., 7(1), 18-23.

Aroche, R., Martinez, Y., Ruan, Z., Guan, G., Waititu, S., Nyachoti, C.M., Mas, D., Lan, S., 2018. Dietary Inclusion of a mixed powder of medicinal plant leaves enhances the feed efficiency and immune function in broiler chickens. J. Chem., 1, 6.

Atawodi, S.E.O., Yakubu, O.E., Liman, M.L., Iliemene, D.U., 2014. Effect of methanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taub leaves on hyperglycemia and indices of diabetic complications in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 4(4), 272-278.

Attia, G., El-Eraky, W., Hassanein, E., El-Gamal, M., Farahat, M., Hernandez-Santana, A., 2017. Effect of dietary inclusion of a plant extract blend on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, caecal microflora and intestinal histomorphology. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 16(9), 344-353.

Cetin, E., Yibar, A., Yesilbag, D., Cetin, I., Cengiz, S.S., 2016. The effect of volatile oil mixtures on the performance and ilio-caecal microflora of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 57, 780-787.

Ebana, R.U.B., Edet, U.O., Ekanemesang, U.M., Ikon, G.M., Etok, C.A., Edet, A.P., 2016. Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening and nutrient analysis of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Piper guineense. Asian J. Med. Health, 1(3), 1-8.

Ebile, D.A., Kana, J.R., Edie, N.L.W., Pimagha, M.H.J., Nguefack, D.G., Ngouana, T.R., Mube, K.H., Fonteh, A.F., 2018b. Growth performance, gut microbiota and haemato-biochemical profile of quails fed diet supplemented with graded levels of D. glomerata fruit powder. Anim. Vet. Sci., 6(5), 80-87.

Ebile, D.A., Kana, J.R., Pimagha, M.H.J., Edie, N.L.W., Nguefack, D.G., Ngouana, T.R., Fonteh, A.F., 2018a. Effects of Dichrostachys glomerata feeding regimes on growth performance, gut microbiota and haemato-biochemical profile of Japanese quails. J. Anim. Res. Nutr., 3(2), 1-8.

Effiong, G.S., Udoh, I.E., Essien, G.E., Ajibola, D.O., Archibong, K.O., 2014. Effect of aqueous extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera on excision wounds in albino rats. Int. Res. J. Plant Sci., 5(4), 57-60.

Fai, Y.F., Danbature, W.L., Silas, T.V., Poloma, A., 2017. Characterization and determination of antifugal activities of essential oil extracted from the bark of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus “Country Onion or Shirum”. World J. Biochem. Mol. Bio., 2(5), 29-33.

Fogang, H.P.D., Maggi, F., Tapondjou, L.A., Womeni, H.M., Papa, F., Quassinti, L., Bramucci, M., Vitali, L.A., Petrelli, D., Lupidi, G., Vittori, S., Barboni, L., 2014. In vitro biological activities of seed essential oils from the Cameroonian spices Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr and Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms rich in sulfur-containing compounds. Chem. Biodivers., 11, 161-169.

Hong, J.C., Steiner, T., Aufy, A., Lien, T.F., 2012. Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits. Livest. Sci., 144, 253-262.

Ibrahim, S.A.M., Abdel Fattah, M.M., El Mallah, G.M., Elallawy, H.M.H., 2019. Effect of some herbs as feed additives on performance, digestibility, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broilers. Egypt. J. Nutr. Feed, 22(1), 191-199.

Jane, T.N., Matthias, O.A., Ikechukwu, F.U., 2014. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taubert. Jordan J. Biol. Sci., 7(4), 251-255.

Kafi, A., Uddin, M.N., Uddin, M.J., Khan, M.M.H., Haque, M.E., 2017. Effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and their combination as feed additives on feed intake, growth performance and economics of broiler. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 16, 257-265.

Kana, J.R., Mube, K.H., Ngouana Tadjong, R., Tsafong, F., Komguep, R., Yangoua, A., Teguia, A., 2017a. Effect of dietary Mimosa Small Bell (Dichrostachys glomerata) fruit supplement as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broiler chicken. J. World Poult. Res., 7(1), 27-34.

Kana, J.R., Mube, K.H., Ngouana, T.R., Komguep, R., Yangoue, A., Tsafong, F., Teguia, A., 2017b. Growth performances and serum biochemical response of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit powder as substitute to antibiotic growth promoters. I. J. I. A. S., 21(1), 68-76.

Kana, J.R., Mube, K.H., Ngouana, T.R., Yangoue, A., Komguep, R., Tsafong, F., Teguia, A., 2017c. Growth performance and serum performance profile of broiler chickens fed on diets supplemented with Afrostyrax lepidophyllus fruit and bark as alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. J. Vet. Med. Res., 4(6), 1-7.

Karangiya, V.K., Savsani, H.H., Patil, S.S., Garg, D.D., Murthy, K.S., Ribadiya, N.K., Vekariya, S.J., 2016. Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic, ginger and their combination on feed intake, growth performance and economics in commercial broilers. Vet. World, 9(3), 245-250.

Kengni, N.G.J., Kana, J.R., Ngouana, T.R., Ebile, D.A., Tchouan, D.G., Necdem, T.B.V., Edie, N.L.W., Ngwa, B.E., Teguia, A., 2020. Effects of supplementing graded levels of methenamine in drinking water on growth performance, gut microbiota, organs histology and haemato-biochemical profile of broiler chickens. Sci. J. Anim. Sci., 9(3), 587-598.

Khatri, M., Mittal, M., Gupta, N., Parashar, P., Mehra, V., 2014. Phytochemical evaluation and pharmacological activity of Syzygium aromaticum: A comprehensive review. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 6(8), 67-72.

Kothari, S.C., Shivarudraiah, P., Venkataramaiah, S.B., Gavara, S., Arumugam, S.N., Soni, M.G., 2014. Toxicologic evaluation of Dichrostachys glomerata extract: Subchronic study in rats and genotoxicity test. Food Chem. Tox., 69, 120-131.

Kuate, D., Etoundi, B.C., Ngondi, J.L., Oben, J.E., 2011. Effect of Dichrostachys glomerata spice on cardiovascular diseases risk factors in normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic obese volunteers. Food Res. Int., 44(5), 1197-1202.

Mafouo, S.V., Kana, J.R., Dongmo, K.N., 2019. Effects of graded levels of Azadirachta indica seed oil on growth performance and biochemical profiles of broiler chickens. Vet. Med. Sci., 1-9.

Martinez, Y., Martinez, O., Liu, G., Ren, W., Rodriguez, R., Fonseca, Y., Olmo, C., Islert del Toro, M., Aroche, R., Valdivié, M., Martin, C., 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation with Anacardium occidentale on growth performance and immune and visceral organ weights in replacement laying pullets. J. Food Agr. Environ., 11(3-4), 1352-1357.

Mouiche, M.M.M., Moffo, F., Tatah, K.A.J.F., Okah-Nnane, N.H., Pemi, M.N., Ngum, N.V., Wade, A., Djuiwo-Teukeng, F.F., Tseuko, T.D.G., Zambou, H.R., Kameni, F.J.M., LeBreton, M., Awah-Ndukum, J., 2019. Antimicrobial resistance from a one health perspective in Cameroon: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Publ. Health, 19, 1135.

Moukette, M.B., Pieme, A.C., Biapa, N.C.P., Moor, A.J.V., Berinyuy, E., Ngogang, Y.J., 2015. Afrostyrax lepidophyllus extracts exhibit in vitro free radical scavenging, antioxidant potential and protective properties against liver enzymes ion mediated oxidative damage. BMC Res. Note, 8, 344.

Necdem, T.B., Kana, J.R., Ngouana, T.R., Ebile, D.A., Donfack, M., Tchouan, D.G., Kengni, N.J., 2020. Effects of dietary inclusion of Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder on growth performances, gut microbiota and haemato-biochemical indices of broiler chickens. World Vet. J., 10(3), 391-397.

Nweze, B.O., Nwankwegu, A.E., Ekwe, O.O., 2011. The performance of broilers chickens on African porridge fruit (Tetrapleura tetraptera) pod under different feeding regimes. Asian J. Poult. Sci., 5(4), 144-149.

Ogbunugafor, H.A., Ugochukwu, C.G., Ogbonna, A.E.K., 2017. The role of spices in nutrition and health: a review of three popular spices used in Southern Nigeria. Food Qual. Saf., 1(3), 171-185.

Oguoma, O.I., Ezeifeka, G.O., Adeleye, S.A., Oranusi, S., Amadi, E.S., 2015. Antimicrobial activity, proximate and amino acid analysis of T. tetraptera. Nig. J. Microbiol., 27, 2709-2718.

Onu, P.N., 2010. Evaluation of two herbal spices as feed additives for finisher broilers. Biotechnol. Anim. Husb., 26(5-6), 383-392.

Oso, A.O., Suganthi, R.U., Reddy, G.B.M., Malik, P.K., Thirumalaisamy, G., Awachat, V.B., Selvaraju, S., Arangasamy, A., Bhatta, R., 2019. Effect of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 98, 4755-4766.

Owen, J., 2011. Introduction of alternative antibiotic growth promoters (AAGPS) in animal production in Nigeria: A review. Proceedings of the 36th Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production, 13-16th March, 2011 University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Paraskeuas, V., Fegeros, K., Palamidi, I., Hunger, C., Mountzouris, K.C., 2017. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, blood biochemical biomarkers and cytokines expression in broiler chickens fed different phytogenic levels. Anim. Nutr., 3, 114-120.

Pavithra, G., 2014. Effect of spices on bacteria-A short review. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 6(8), 268-270.

Reyer, H., Zentek, J., Männer, K., Youssef, I.M.I., Aumiller, T., Weghuber, J., Wimmers, K., Mueller, A.S., 2017. Possible molecular mechanisms by which an essential oil blend from star anise, rosemary, thyme, and oregano and saponins increase the performance and ileal protein digestibility of growing broilers. J. Agr. Food Chem., 65, 6821-6830.

Sa’aci, Z.A., Alabi, O.J., Brown, D., Ng’ambi, J.W., 2018. Effect of aqueous ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and economy of feed conversion of broiler chickens. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol., 18, 225-231.

Shailesh, 2015. Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Syzygium aromaticum, Elettaria cardamomum and Piper nigrum extracts. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 4(3), 85-89.

Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, Toronto, London, 481.

Sugiharto, S., Pratama, A.R., Yudiarti, T., Wahyuni, H.I., Widiastuti, E., Sartono, T.A., 2020. Effect of acidified turmeric and/or black pepper on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med., 8(1), 85-92.

Syed, B., Kesselring, J., Sánchez, J., Gracia, M., 2021. Growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with an encapsulated blend of a phytogenic feed additive. J. World Poult. Res., 11(3), 278-285.

Tadesse, T.B., Ashley, A.E., Ongarello, S., Havumaki, J., Wijegoonewardena, M., Gonzalez, J.I., Dittrich, S., 2017. Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: A systematic review. BMC Infect. Dis., 17, 616.

Tchamgoue, A.D., Tchokouaha, L.R.Y., Tarkang, P.A., Vinson, J.A., Agbor, G.A., 2015. Comparative radical scavenging properties of five spices commonly consumed in Cameroon. World J. Pharm. Res., 4(2), 1610-1622.

Zulkifli, I., Hashemi, S.R., Somchit, M.N., Zunita, Z., Loh, T.C., Soleimani, A.F., Tang, S.C., 2012. Effects of Euphorbia hirta and Virgini amycin supplementation on performances, digestibility and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens. Arch. Gelüg, 76, 6-12.

Downloads

Published

2022-09-19

How to Cite

Edie Nounamo, L. W. ., Ngouana Tadjong, R. ., Ciza Azine, P. ., Ebile Dayan, A. ., Nanken Tsague, C. D. ., Pimagha Moffo, H. J. ., Kemmo Kenhago, A. P. ., & Kanaa, J. R. . (2022). Effects of in-feed blend spices on growth performance, digestibility profile and production cost of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). Scientific Journal of Animal Science, 10(4), 747-757. Retrieved from http://sjournals.com/index.php/sjas/article/view/1710

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 4 (2022): September

Section

Original Article

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Langston Wilfried Edie Nounamo, Ruben Ngouana Tadjong, Pascaline Ciza Azine, Agwah Ebile Dayan, Carelle Doriane Nanken Tsague, Herman Joël Pimagha Moffo, Arielle Priscila Kemmo Kenhago, Jean Raphaël Kanaa

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Most read articles by the same author(s)