Preliminary study on small ruminant GIT helminthiasis in select arid and semi-arid pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Afar region, Ethiopia
Keywords:
Helminths, Small ruminants, Prevalence, Afar region, EthiopiaAbstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identification of GIT parasites of sheep and goats in two selected districts of Afar from December 2014 to February 2016. Totally 590 faecal samples were collected from small ruminants (332 goat and 258 sheep) managed in pastoral and agro-pastoral production. Out of the total examined small ruminant 87.8% (518) were found to harbor one or more genera of helminth parasites. The result of the study revealed that 92.2% (306) of the goats and 82.2% (212) of the sheep were found positive for GIT parasites. Helminth parasites identified in small ruminant of the study area were Strongyles, Fasciola, Strongyloides, Paramphistomum, Trichuris, Ascaris and Monezia. The risk of infection with GIT helminth parasites in goats were 4.009 times higher than sheep (OR=4.009, p=0.011). Age and sex related difference was not observed in the prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep and goats. Significantly (OR=0.119, p=0.000) higher prevalence of overall helminth parasites in poor body condition sheep and goats than good body condition was observed. Likewise, significant variation in overall parasite prevalence was observed between the study districts (OR=0.169, p=0.000). In this study, species of the animals, origin, and body condition score are important risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in the study area. In the study area nutrition is generally poor, low productivity in small ruminants is likely to be aggravated by a high prevalence of polyparasitism.
References
Abebe, R., Gebreyohannes, M., Mekuria, S., Abunna, F., Regassa, A., 2010. Gastrointestinal nematode infection in small ruminant under traditional husbandry system during dry season in Southern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health, 42, 1111-7.
Afar National Regional State (ANRS), 2010. Programme of plan on adaptation to climate change, report, Semera. http://ebookbrowse.com/afar-national-regional-stateclimate-change-adaptation-program-pdf-d127720299
Ahmed, N., 1988. Prevalence of GIT helminthes and the comparative efficiency test of nematicidal drugs in goats of Wallaga administrative region at Mechara settlement area. DVM Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.
Bashir, A.L., Chishti, F.A., Hidayatullah, T.A., 2012. Survey of gastrointestinal helminthes parasites of slaughtered sheep and goats in Ganderbal, Kashmir. Global Vet., 8(4), 338-341.
Bayou, A., 1992. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes of small ruminants in Buno province, Illubabor administrative region. DVM Thesis Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.
Bersisa, K., Tigist, T., Teshale, S., Reta, D., Bedru, H., 2011. Helminths in sheep and goats in central Oromia during the dry season. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10(14), 1845-1849.
Bikila, E., Yeshitla, A., Worku, T., Teka, F., Benti, D., 2013. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants in Gechi district, Southwest Ethiopia. Adv. Biol. Res., 7(5), 169-174.
Chanie, M., Begashaw, S., 2012. Assessment of the economic impact and prevalence of ovine Fasciolosis in Menz Lalo Midir district, Northeast Ethiopia. Vet. World, 5(5), 261-264.
Colditz, I.G., Watson, D.L., Gray, G.D., Eady, S.J., 1996. Some relationships between age, immune responsiveness and resistance to the parasites in ruminants. Int. J. Parasitol., 26, 869-877.
CSA, 2012. Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia, central statistical agency agricultural sample survey. Report on livestock and livestock characteristics; Vol. II, Addis Ababa, March.
Dagnachew, S., Asmare, A., Wudu, T., 2011. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants in selected sites of North Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop. Vet. J., 15(2), 57-68.
Dereje, G., 1992. Investigation of common gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants in and around Wolaita Soddo. DVM Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.
FAO, 2005. Ethiopia FAO’s information system on water and agriculture. Rome, Italy.
Fikru, R., Teshale, S., Reta, D., Yosef, K., 2006. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants in Western Oromia, Ethiopia. Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 1, 451-57.
Fritsch, T., Kaufmann, J., Ptister, K., 1993. Parasite spectrum and seasonal epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Gambia. Vet. Parasitol., 49(2-4), 271-283.
Gamble, H.R., Zajak, A.M., 1992. Resistance of St. Croix lambs to Haemonchus contortus in experimentally and naturally acquired infections. Vet. Parasitol., 41, 211-225.
Gareth, W.H., 2009. Nematode parasites of small ruminants, camelids and cattle: Diagnosis with emphasis on anthelmintic efficacy and resistance testing. Australia and New Zealand Standard Diagnostic Procedures.
Gebreyesus, M., 1986. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes of small ruminants (sheep and goats) in Gonder administrative region. DVM Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre- Zeit, Ethiopia.
Genene, R.A., 1994. Study of prevalence of ovine GIT helminthes in and around Kombolcha. DVM Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.
Githigia, S.M., Thamsborg, S.M., Munyua, W.K., Maingi, N., 2001. Impact of gastrointestinal helminths on production in goats Kenya. Small Rumin. Res., 42, 21-29.
Hailelul, N., 2002. Study on prevalence of GIT helminthes of small ruminants in and around Wolayta Soddo, Southern Ethiopia. DVM Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.
Hansen, J., Perry, B., 1994. The epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of ruminants. A handbook. 2nd edition. ILRAD (International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases), Nairobi, Kenya.
Keyyu, J.D., Kassuku, A.A., Kyvsgaard, N.C., Willingham, A.L., 2003. Gastrointestinal nematodes in indigenous zebu cattle under pastoral and nomadic management systems in the lower plain of Southern highlands of Tanzania. Vet. Res. Comm., 27(5), 371-380.
Kumba, F., Katjivena, H., Kauta, G., Lutaaya, E., 2003. Seasonal evolution of faecal egg output by gastrointestinal worms in goats on communal farms in Eastern Namibia. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 70(4), 265-271.
Ntonifor, H., Shei, S., Ndaleh, N., Mbunkur, G., 2013. Epidemiological studies of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ruminants in Jakiri, Bui division, Northwest region of Cameroon. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health, 5(12), 344-352.
Odoi, A., Gathuma, J.M., Gachuiri, C.K., Omore, A., 2007. Risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections in small ruminants kept in smallholder mixed farms in Kenya. BMC Vet. Res., 3, 6.
Petros, A., Lakew, N., 2014. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants in Kuarit district, Northwest Ethiopia. Afr. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 6(5), 125-130.
Radiostits, O.M., Gray, C.C., Hinchelift, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary medicine. A textbook of the disease of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. 10th edition. Sunders, Saunders Elsevier, London.
Raza, M.A., Iqbal, Z., Jabbar, A., Yaseen, M., 2007. Point prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants in Southern Punjab. Pakistan J. Helminthol., 81, 323-328.
Sissay, M.M., 2007. Helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia: Epidemiology, and anthelmintic resistance and its management. Doctoral Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Soulsby, E.J.C., 1982. Helminthes, arthropods and protozoa of domestic animals. 7th edition, Lea and Faebiger, Philadelphia.
Tefera, M., Batu, G., Bitew, M., 2011. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and goats in and around Bedelle, Southwestern Ethiopia. Internet J. Vet. Med., 8, 3-5.
Teklye, B., 1991. Epidemiology of endoparasites of small ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of Fourth National Livestock Improvement Conference. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 13-15 November, 7-11.
Temesgen, T., 2008. Study on prevalence of ovine gastrointestinal parasite in and around Bedelle. DVM Thesis, Haramaya University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
Tesfaheywet, Z., 2012. Helminthosis of sheep and goats in and around Haramaya, Southeastern Ethiopia. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health, 4(3), 48-55.
Tesfaye, H., 1998. Ovine and bovine helminthiasis in Kelala (South Wollo). Ethiopian Vet Association Proceedings of the 12th Conference. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; June, 30-34.
UNECA, 2012. Report on livestock value chains in eastern and southern Africa: A regional perspective, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 19-21 November.
Urquhart, G.M., Armour, J., Duncan, J.L., Dunn, A.M., Jennings, F.W., 1996. Veterinary parasitology. 2nd ed., Blackwell Science Ltd, UK, 141-205.
Waruiru, R.M., Mutune, M.N., Otieno, R.O., 2005. Gastrointestinal parasite infections of sheep and goats in a semi-arid area of Machakos district, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr., 53(1), 25-34.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Hailegebrael Bedada, Fikru Gizaw, Wossene Negash
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
