Isolation, identification and antibiogram profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from commercial broiler flocks in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh with special focus on the determination of lethal effect of extracted toxin
Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus; Toxin; Lethal effect; Commercial broilerAbstract
The present study was designed with a view to isolate, identifies and characterizes Staphylococcus aureus from commercial broiler flocks having typical symptoms in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh with special focus on the determination of lethal effect of extracted toxin in day old chicks. The samples (pus/fluid) were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification by using cultural and biochemical techniques. Furthermore, the isolated Salmonella species were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The study shown that the highest percentage (52.17%) of Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from group A followed by group B (41.67%) and group C (20.0%). Prevalence of toxicity in case of day old chicks those were given toxin orally was 30% and those were inoculated subcutaneously was 10%. Out of 30 day old chicks 04 died and average prevalence of toxicity is 20%. In postmortem examination it was found that tenosynovitis, most commonly in the plantar area of the foot or just above the hock joint. This was progress to abscess formation in these areas. Infected joints had clear exudate with fibrin clots. The abdomen felt soft, mushy, flabby and enlarged. Lesions associated with heavy challenge of infection generally consist of congestion of internal organs, including the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs, accompanied by areas of tissue death. The isolates were resistant to cephradine, ampicillin, bacitracin, amoxacillin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. It was evident that ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantion, gentamycin and penicillin can be of better value in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection.
References
Anjum, 1997. "Poultry Diseases", 2nd Edition, Veterinary and Agricultural Publication, Faisalabad, Pakistan, pp 178-180.
Bergmann, V., Kohler, B., Vogel, K., 1980. Staphylococcus aureus infection in chickens in industrialized poultry units. 1. Manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus infection in chickens. Arch Exp Veterinarmed., 34, 891-903.
Calnek, B.W., Bames, H.J., Beard, C.W., McDougald, L.R., Saif, Y.M., 1997. Disease of Poultry, 10th edition, lowa State University Press, Ames, lowa, USA.
Choudhury, B., Chanda, A., Dasgupta, P., Dutta, R.K., Saha, S., Bhuin, L., 1993. Studies on yolk sac infection in poultry: antibiogram of isolates and correlation between in-vitro and in-vivo drug action. Indian J. Anim. Hlth., 32, 21-23.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2006) Performance standard for antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing. 16th Informational Supplement. M100-S16. Wayne, Pa.
Deeming, D.C., 1995. Possible effect of microbial infection on yolk utilization in chicks. Vet. Research, 136, 270-271.
Haque, M.E., Hamid, M.A., Howleder, M.A.R., Haque, Q.M.E., 1991. Performance of native chicks and hens reared together or separately under rural condition in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Veterinarian, 8, 11-13.
Hazariwala, A., Sanders, Q., Hudson, C.R., Hofacre, C., Thayer, S.G., Maurer, J.J., 2002. Distribution of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from poultry and humans with invasive staphylococcal disease. Avian Dis., 46,132-6.
Jordan, F.T.W., 1990. "Poultry Diseases", 3rd Edition, ELBS and Bailliere Tindall, London, UK, pp 40.
Kabir, S.M.L., 2010. Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis: A closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health concerns. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 7, 89-114.
Merchant, I. A., Packer, R. A., 1967. Veterinary Bacteriology and Virology. Seventh edi. The Iowa University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, pp. 286-306.
Miranda, J.M., Vázquez, B.I., Fente, C.A., Calo-Mata, P., Cepeda, A., Franco, C.M., 2008. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from organic and conventional poultry meat. Journal of Food Prot., 71, 2537-42.
Nemati, M., Hermans, K., Lipinska, U., Denis, O., Deplano, A., Struelens, M., Devriese, L.A., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F, 2008. Antimicrobial resistance of old and recent Staphylococcus aureus isolates from poultry: first detection of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant strain ST398. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52, 3817-3819.
Sato, H., Watanabe, T., Higuchi, K., Teruya, K., Ohtake, A., Murata, Y., Saito, H., Chikara A., Danbara, H.,E:UserssdDownloadsDocumentsDownload thesisToxin extraction4096.full.htm - aff-1 Maehara, N., 2000. Chromosomal and extrachromosomal synthesis of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus hyicus. J. Bacteriol., 182, 4096-4100.
OIE (Office International Des Epizooties), 2000. Mannual of standards for diagnostics test and vaccines. OIE Guide-2.
Rashed, B.Y., 2011. Isolation and identification of bacteria causing arthritis in chicken. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 25, 93-95.
Rehman, R., Rabbani, M, Khan, S.A., Saleem, C.M., 1996. Pathological aspects of early chick mortality due to bacterial infections. Pak. J. Scientific Research, 48, 101-107.
Sainsbury, D., 1992. "Poultry Health and Management",3rd Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, U.K. pp 116.
Samad, M.A., 2000. An overview of livestock research reports published during the twentieth century in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Vet. J., 34, 53-149.
Bernheimer, A.W., Schwartz, L.L.,1963. Isolation and composition of Staphylococcal Alpha toxin. J. Gen. Microbiol., 30, 455-468.
Shah, M.S., Rai, M.F., Khan, S.A., Aslam, A., Saeed, K., Khan, K.A., 2003. Effect of experimental yolk sac infection with Staphylococcus aureus on immune status of broilers. Pak.Vet. J., 23, 2003
Shareef, A.M., Mansour, R.S., Ibrahim, K.K, 2009. Staphylococcus aureus in commercial breeder flocks. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 23, 63-68.
Shiozawa, K., Kato, E., Shimizu, A., 1980. Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from chickens. Journal of Food Prot., 43, 683–685.
Skeeles, J.K., 1991. Staphylococcosis, In. Diseases of Poultry. 9'" Ed. Wolfe Publishing Ltd.. pp 293- 299.
White, D.G., Ayers, S., Maurer, J.J., Thayer, S.G., Hofacre, C., 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from commercial broilers in northeastern Georgia. Avian Dis., 47, 203-210.
Zhou, Q., Gu, C.Q., Hu, X.Y., Wang, D.H., Li, X.M., Cheng, G.F., 2007. Role of interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of an avian model of Staphylococcus aureus arthritis. Poult. Sci., 86, 1245-50.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 M.S. I. Abdul Aziz, M. R. Akter, M. S. Rahaman, M. Abu Sayed Khan, A.K. M. Ziaul Haque, M. S. Jahan, S.M. Lutful Kabir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
