Prospects for indigenous chickens genetic improvement and conservation in Zimbabwe
Keywords:
Indigenous chickens, Genetic improvement, Conservation, ZimbabweAbstract
The multitude functions of indigenous chickens, which include the provision of high quality protein meat and eggs, cash through sales and socio-cultural roles, cannot be underestimated. Indigenous chickens is one of the genetic resources which Zimbabwe has failed to give adequate attention for the betterment of the majority of the rural poor population. Despite the indigenous chickens dual-purpose, selected and raised for meat or egg production, there does remain a considerable and largely unexploited genetic potential for increased production. The review explores the prospects for indigenous chickens genetic improvement and conservation in Zimbabwe. This is on the background that indigenous chicken are a heterogeneous population with no standardized characteristics and performance. This is mainly due to environmental and genetic constraints with bright prospects for genetic manipulation or improvement. Considerable genetic differences exist between local indigenous chickens populations, and production rates of local populations should be evaluated before introducing genetic improvement programs. The reported among population genetic diversity reflect the degree to which populations differ and can assist in improvement and conservation efforts.
References
Ahmad, A. & Hasnath, M.A. 1983. Proceedings SABRAO Workshop on Animal Genetic Resources in Asia and Oceania, Tropical Agricultural Research Centre, Japan. 418-422.
Calus, M.P., de Haas, Y., Pszczola, M., Veerkamp, R.F. 2013. Predicted accuracy of and response to genomic selection for new traits in dairy cattle. Animal 7(2):183-91.
CBD, 1992. Convention on Biological Diversity. United Nations, 1992.
Dinesh P, Jean C (2011). Opportunities of poultry breeding programmes for family production in developing countries: The bird for the poor. Background document for an E-conference of the
European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium. 2006. Marker-assisted conservation of European cattle breeds: An evaluation. Anim Genet. 37(5):475-81.
Faranisi, A. T. 1995. Village chicken breeding in Zimbabwe. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Livestock Production through Animal Breeding and Genetics, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Faranisi, A. T. 1995. Village chicken breeding in Zimbabwe. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Livestock Production through Animal Breeding and Genetics, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Hayes, B. J., Bowman, P. J., Chamberlain, A. J., Goddard M.E. 2009. Invited review: Genomic selection in dairy cattle: progress and challenges. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 433–443.
Hiemstra, S.J., Drucker, A.G., Tvedt, M.W., Louwaars, N., Oldenbroek, J.K., Awgichew, K., Abegaz Kabede, S., Bhat, P.N., da Silva Mariante, A., 2006. Exchange, use and conservation of animal genetic resources.: Policy and regulatory options. CGN report 2006/06, Center for genetic resources, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
International Network for Family Poultry Development in collaboration with FAO and supported by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 24 January -18 February 2011.
Jahnke H E, Tacher G, Keil P and Rojat D 1988 Livestock production in tropical Africa, with special reference to the tsetse-affected zone. In Livestock production in tsetse-affected areas of Africa, pp. 3 - 21. Proceedings of a meeting of the African Trypanotolerant Livestock Network, Nairobi, 23 - 27 November 1987. Nairobi, International Livestock Centre for Africa and the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases.
Katule, A.M. 1991. Performance of local chickens under scavenging and intensive management systems. Entwicklung ländlicher raum 5: 26-28.
Kitalyi, A. J. 1998. Village chicken production systems in rural Africa: household and food security and gender issues, FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 142, Rome, Italy.
Lande R. and Thompson R. 1990. Efficiency of marker-assisted selection in the improvement of quantitative traits. Genetics 124:743-756.
Li, C. C., K. Li, J. Li, D. L. Mo, R. F. Xu, G. H. Chen, Y. Z. Qiangba, S. L. Ji, X. H. Tang, B. Fan, M. J. Zhu, T. A. Xiong, X. Guan and B. Liu. 2006. Polymorphism of ghrelin gene in twelve Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and its relationship with chicken growth traits. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 19(2):153-159.
Mackinnon M.J. 1992. Use of genetic markers in genetic improvement programmes. Proceedings of the Australian Association of Animal Breeding and Genetics 10:245-251.
Meuwissen, T. H. E., Hayes, B. J., and Goddard, M. E. 2001. Prediction of Total Genetic Value Using Genome-Wide Dense Marker Maps. Genetics, 157: 1819–1829.
Mhlanga, F. N., C. T. Khombe and S. M. Makuza. 1999. Evaluation of indigenous livestock in Zimbabwe. A report prepared for the Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe.
Mohd-Azmi, M. L., A. S. Ali and W. K. Kheng. 2000. DNA fingerprinting of red jungle fowl, village chicken and broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13(8):1040-1043.
Muchadeyi FC, Eding H, Wollny CB, Groeneveld E, Makuza SM, Shamseldin R, Simianer H, Weigend S. 2007. Absence of population substructuring in Zimbabwe chicken ecotypes inferred using microsatellite analysis. Anim Genet. 38(4):332-9.
Muchenje, V. and S. Sibanda. 1997. Informal surveys report on village chicken production systems in Nharira-Lancashire and Sanyati farming areas. Unpublished.
Nwosu, C.C. 1979. Characterization of the local chicken of Nigeria and its potential for egg and meat production. Proceedings 1st national Seminar on Poultry Production in Nigeria, 11-13 December, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. National Animal Production Research Institute, 187-210.
Paterson A.H., Lander E.S., Hewitt J.D., Peterson S., Lincoln S.E. and Tanksley S.D. 1988. Resolution of quantitative traits into Mendelian factors, using a complete linkage map of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Nature 335:721-726.
Pedersen, C. V. 2002. Production of semi-scavenging chickens in Zimbabwe. PhD Thesis The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Petrus N P, Mpofu I, Schneider M B and Nepembe M 2011 The constraints and potentials of pig production among communal farmers in Etayi Constituency of Namibia.
Scholtz, M.M., 2012. The development of a seed stock industry using indigenous livestock from rural keepers for sustainable production. J. Life Sci., 6, 1270-1276.
Smith C. and Simpson S.P. 1986. The use of genetic polymorphisms in livestock improvement. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 103:205-217.
Smith, C., 1984. Rates of genetic change in farm livestock. Res. Dev. Agric., 1, 79- 85.
Soelkner, J., Nakimbigwe, H. and Valle-Zarate, A., 1998. Analysis of determinants for success and failure of village breeding programmes. Proc. 6, thWorld Congr. Genet. Appl. Livestock Prod., 25: 273 – 280.
VanRaden, P. M., Van Tassell, C. P., Wiggans, G. R., T. S. Sonstegard, T.S., Schnabel, R.D, Taylor, J.F., Schenkel, F.S. 2009. Invited review: Reliability of genomic predictions for North American Holstein bulls J. Dairy Sci., 92: 16–24.
Wan, Q.H. Wu, H., Fujihara, T., Fang, S.G. 2004. Which genetic marker for which conservation genetics issue? Electrophoresis, 25: 2165–2176.
Wollny, C.B.A., 1995. Conserving the biodiversity of southern Africa livestock resources. Keynote address presented at the Annual Symposium of Developing Areas of the South African Society of Animal Science(SAGAS) at Loskopdam, Groblersdal, 16 to 19 October.
Zewdu W (2004). Indigenous cattle genetic resources, their husbandry practices, and breeding objectives in Northwestern Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis. Alemaya University. 143pp.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Never Assan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
