The effects of cultivation time, local organic substrates and their weight on smallholder urban oyster mushroom production in Zimbabwe
Keywords:
Oyster mushroom, Cultivation Time, Substrate, Urban smallholder, ZimbabweAbstract
This study aimed at assessing the effect of cultivation time, local substrates and their weight on urban smallholder oyster mushroom production in Zimbabwe. The study was carried out in a low cost urban mushroom growing house and laid out in a randomized complete block design with each treatment replicated four times. Substrate type was highly significant (p<0.01) on days to fruiting, mean number of mushroom, mean mushroom weight and biological efficiency. Evaluation of different substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom revealed that among the different substrates, wheat straw was superior which recorded minimum days to fruiting (16.62 days), maximum number of mushroom heads (106.25), maximum average yield per 3 months (4826.63g) and highest biological efficiency of 66.88%. Wheat straw accelerated the mushroom growing process having the lowest duration of days to fruiting. The mycelia completed colonization, primordium initiation and fruiting body formation were found within 16.62±0.69, 22.75±0.69, 26.88±0.69 and 31.00±0.69 days for wheat straw, hay, maize stalk and groundnut hulls, respectively. Wheat straw was found to have the highest biological efficiency (66.88±4.59) followed by hay (41.88±4.59), groundnut hull (40.00±4.59) and maize stalk (39.88±4.59). However, the biological efficiency decreased with increase in substrate weight per bag, and substrate weight did not influence the days to fruiting.References
Ajonina, A.S., Tatah, L.E. 2012. Growth Performance and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) on Different Substrates Composition in Buea South West. Cameroon Science Journal of Biochemistry. Pp 139-145.
Alam, N, Amin, R., Khana, A., Ara, I., Shim, M.J., Lee, M.W., Lee, T.S. 2008. Nutritional analysis of cultivated mushroom in Bangladesh: Pleutrotus ostreatus, Pleutrotus sajor-caju, Pleutrotus florida, and Calocybe indica. Mycobiology 36:228-232.
Bahl, N. 1998. Hand book on mushrooms, Oxford & IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd.. pp15-40.
Bhatti, M.A., Mir, F.A., Siddiq, M. 1987. Effect of different bedding materials on relative yield of oyster mushroom in the successive flushes. Pakistan J. Agril. Res 8(3): 256-259.
Bilial, A.W., Bodha, R.H., Wani, H.A. 2010. Nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 4(24): 2598- 2604.
Breene, W. 1990. Nutritional and medicinal value of specialty mushroom. Journal of Food Protection. 53:883-94.
Caglarirmak, N. 2007. The nutrients of exotic mushrooms (Lentinula edodes and Pleutrotus species) and an estimated approach to the volatile compounds. Food chemistry. 105:1188- 1194.
Chang, S.T., Miles P.G. 2004. Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect and Environment Impact. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp: 415.
Chitamba, M., Dubem F., Chiota, W.M., Handiseni, M. 2012. Evaluation of substrate productivity and market quality of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on different substrate. International Journal of Agricultural Research. 7(2):100.
Gitte, V., Priya, J., Kotgire, G. 2014. Selection of different substrates for the cultivation of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica P & C) Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge.13 (2): 434-436.
Godfrey, E.Z., Siti, M.K., Judith, Z.P. 2010. Effects of temperature and hydrogen peroxide on mycelial growth of eight Pleurotus strains. Scientia Horticulture, 125:95 102.
Kaul, T., M. Khurana, M., Kachroo, J. 1981. Chemical composition of cereal straw of the Kashmir valley. Mushroom Science 11(2):19-25.
Kimenju, J.W., Odero, G.O.M., Mutitu, E.W., Wachira, P.M., Narla, R.D., Muiru, W.M. 2009. Suitability of locally available substrates for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation in Kenya. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 8(7):510.
Mallavadhani, U.V., Sudhakar, A.V., Satyanarayan, K.V., Mahapatra, A., Li, W., van Breemen, R.B. 2006. Chemical and analytical screening of some edible mushrooms. Food Chemical. 95:58-64.
Mehrdad, J., Alireza, J., Shahin, E. 2011. High fiber media as the most efficient substrates for Pleutotus florida culture. Arch. Biological Science, 63 (3): 889-895.
Mondal, S.R., M. J. Rehana, M.J., Noman, M.S., Adhikary, S.K. 2010. Comparative study on growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.
Obodai, M., Cleland-Okine, J., Vowotor, K.A. 2003. Comparative study on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom on different lignocellulosic by products. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30:146 149.
Oei, P., 1996. Mushroom Cultivation with Special Emphasis on Appropriate Techniques for Developing Countries. 2nd Edn., Backhuys, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp: 111-122.
Olila, D., Kapaata, A., Kabasa, J.D., Kisovi, L., Munishi, P.K.T. 2008. Antibacterial activity and nutritional composition of selected indigenous mushrooms of the Lake Victoria basin. Journal of food Technology 6(1):1- 4.
Pala, S.A., Wani, A.H., Mir, R.A. 2012. Yield performance of Pleurotus sajor- caju on different agro-based wastes. Annals of Biological Research, 3 (4):1938-1941
Pani, B., Panda, S., Das, S. 1997. Utilization of some by-products and other wastes for sporophore production of oyster mushroom. Orissa Journal Horticulture 25(1):36-39.
Poppe, J. 2000. Use of agricultural waste materials in the cultivation of mushrooms. In: L. Van Griensven ed: Proceedings 15th International Congress on Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Balkema Rotterdam, 3-23.
Randive, S.D. 2012. Cultivation and study of growth of oyster mushroom on different agricultural waste substrate and its nutrient analysis. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3:1938 1949.
Royse, D.J., Rhodes, T.W., Ohga, S., Sanchez, J.E. 2004. Yield, mushroom size and time to production of Pleurotus cornucopiae (oyster mushroom) grown on switch grass substrate spawned and supplemented at various rates. Bioresource Technology. 91(1):85-91.
Sainos, E., Diaz-Godinez, G., Loera, O., Montiel-Gonzalez, A.M., Sanchez, C. 2006. Growth of Pleurotus ostreatus on wheat straw and wheat-grain-based media: Biochemical aspects and preparation of mushroom inoculum. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology. 72(4):812-817.
Shah, Z.A., Ashraf, M., Ishtiq, Ch. 2004. Comparative study on cultivation and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different substrates (Wheat straw, Leaves, Saw dust). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3:158-160.
Vane, C.H., Martin, S.C., Snape, C.E., Abbot, G.D. 2001. Degradation of lignin in wheat straw during growth of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) using off-line thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and solid-state (13)C NMR. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 49(6):2790-2725.
Yang, W.J., Guo, F.L., Wan, Z.J. 2013. Yield and size of oyster mushroom grown on rice/wheat straw basal substrate supplemented with cotton seed hull. Saudi Journal of Biological Science. 20(4):333-338.
Zhang, R., Li, X., Fadel, J.G. 2002. Oyster mushroom cultivation with rice and wheat straw. Bioresources Technology. 82(3):277-284.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Never Assan, Treggie Mpofu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
