Prevalence of calves coccidiosis in Jimma town dairy farms, South-Western Ethiopia
Keywords:
Calves; Coccidiosis; Jimma; Prevalence; SpeciesAbstract
A cross- sectional study was conducted from October 2009 to March 2010 on Jimma town dairy farms to determine the prevalence of Calves coccidian and assess associated risk factors. Faecal samples were collected once from a total of 385 calves range from 5-365 days old and examined for the oocysts of Eimeria species by centrifugal faecal flotation technique using concentrated sucrose solution. Out result revealed that overall prevalence of 198(51.42%) Eimeria species. Of the 53 dairies sampled, almost all of the farms had calves shedding Eimeria oocysts. The species of Eimeria circulating in the farms was presumed to be based on morphology of the oocysts and certain epidemiological features of the Eimeria, a total of 8 species were identified namely Eimeria bovis 94(24.4%), Eimeria zuernii 58(15.1%), Eimeria auburnensis 56(14.6%), Eimeria Canadensis 53(13.8%), Eimeria ellipsoidalis 28(7.3%), Eimeria subspherica 22(5.7%), Eimeria cylindrical 20(5.2%) and Eimeria alabamensis 16(4.2%) in descending order of their relative prevalence. Eimeria species were not found to be statistically associated with faecal consistency, breed and sex (P>0.05). Among the risk factors studied, hygiene status and age of the calves were the most important factors associated with the possibility of infection with diseases. The mean and maximum Eimeria oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) determined by using McMaster technique was 100 and 24,000, respectively. Coccidiosis is a common and important cause of morbidity and economical loss in calves in study areas. Hence appropriate disease prevention and control measure is paramount importance to reduce these impacts.
References
Arslan, M., Tuzer, E., 1998. Prevalence of bovine Eimeridosis in Thracia, Turkey. Tr. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 22, 161-164.
Cornelissen, AWCA, Verstegen, R, van den Brand H, et al: 1995. An observational study of Eimeria species in housed cattle on Dutch dairy farms. Vet Parasitol; 56: PP 1-3.
Curt, A., Gooch, 2005. Senior Extension Associate Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, PRO-DAIRY Program, Cornell University. Dairy Calves and Heifers: Integrating 26. Biol. Manag. Confer., January 25-27, Syracuse, NY. NRAES-175.
Cynthia, M., Kahn, M.A., 2008. Merk veterinary manual 9th, published Merck and Co. Inc, Whitehouse station, NJ USA, reserved. Published in education partnership with merial ltd.
DHM., 1998. Coccidiosis –the silent thief, dairy herd management magazine. De Graf WDC, VAnopdenbosch, E., Ortega-mora, L.M, PP 51.
Didrikson, B.J., 2000. Coccidiosis in beef calves. Feed Lot Magazine Online, 10:1. Available at http://www.feedlotmagazine.com.html.
Ernst, J.u., Benz, G.m., 1981. Cocodiossis .in: disease of cattle in tropics .vo.6 martinus nishoff publishers. The Hogue bost/London pp377-891.
Ernst, J.V., Benz, G.W., 1986. Intestinal coccidiosis in cattle. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 1, 283-291.
Ernst, J.V., Stewart, T.B., Whitlock, D.R., 1987. Quantitative determination of coccidian oocysts in beef calves from the coastal plain area of Georgia (USA). Vet. Parasitol. 23, 1-10.
Hasbullah, A., Akiba, Y., Takano, H., Ogimoto, K., 1990. Seasonal distribution of bovine coccidia in beef cattle herd in the university farm. Nippon Juigaku Zasshi., 52, 1175-1179.
Heinrichs., Radostits., 2001. Health and production management of dairy calves and replacement heifers.In: Radiostatis O.M (edu)_head health-food animals production medicine 3rd edu. W.B.Sanunders Company, philadiphia, pennscalania 333-395.
Hendrix, C.M., 1998. Diagnostic Veterinary Parasitology. 2nd ed. Mosby, Inc. USA, pp, 239-264.
Herper, J.M., Maas, J., 1996. Bovine Coccidiosisis. University Of California –Davis Vet Views, Califronia cattleman.
Kasim, A.A., Al-Shawa, Y.R., 1985. Prevalence of Eimeria in feces of cattle in Saudi Arabia. Vet. Parasitol., 17, 95-99.
Kassa, B., A. Delgado and T. Asegedech, 1985. An outbreak of coccidiosis in cattle. Ethiop. Vet. Bull., 3, 20-27.
Kaufmann, J., 1996. Parasitic Infection of Domestic Animal: A Diagnostic Berlin. Birkhauser Verleg., 1996, 1-29.Manual.
Kebadu, S., 1998. A study on calf diarrhea in small-scale dairy farms at Debre Zeit. DVM thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Abeba University, derbe zeit, Ethiopia.
Kennedy, M.J., Kralka, R.A., 1987. A survey of Eimeria species in cattle in central Alberta. Can. Vet. J., 28: 124-125.
Kennedy, MJ, 2001. Coccidiosis in cattle. In: AGRIFACTS. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Alberta Agriculture. Food Rur. Dev., Government of Alberta; 2001.
Kirkpatrick., Selk., 2003. Coccidiosis in cattle. Oklahom states uviversity extension facts, available on the World Wide Web’s at http/agewebwkstates.edu/p
Lassen, B., Viltrop, A., Raaperi, K., Jarvis, T., 2009. Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in Estonian dairy farms in regard to age, species and diarrhea. Vet. Parasitol., 166, 212-219.
LAV., 1996. Bovine cocodiosis .large animal veterinarian 10-12.
Levine, N.D., 1985. Veterinary Protozoology. 1st ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press., 142-149.
Matjila, P.T., Penzhorn, B.L., 2002. Occurrence and diversity of bovine coccidia at three localities in South Africa. Vet. Parasitol., 104:93-102.
McGurik, S.M., Ruegg, P., 2004. Calf Disease and Prevention .University of Wiscosin-Medison.
Munyua, W.K. and J.W. Ngotho, 1990. Prevalence of Eimeria species in cattle in Kenya. Vet. Parasitol., 35, 163-168.
Oda, K., Nishida., Y1990. Prevalence and distribution of bovine coccidia in Japan. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 52, 71-77.
Pace, J.E., Wakeman, D.L., 2003. Department of Animal Science, Cooperative Extension Service, Inst. Food Agr. Sci., University of Florida, Gainesville., 32611. 25.
Pilarczyk, B., Balicka-Ramisz, A., Ramisz, A., 2000. Studies on coccidiosis in cattle in North-West Poland. Elec J Pol Agri Univer; 3(1). Available at http:// www.ejapu.media.pl htm.
Pilarczyk, B., Balicka-Ramisz, A., 2004. Occurrrence of protozoa Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in calves from west pomerania. Acta Sci. Pol. Zootechnica., 3, 49-56.
Priti, M., Sinha, S.R.P., Sucheta, S., Verma, S.B., Sharma, S.K., Mandal, K.G., 2008. Prevalence of bovine coccidiosis at Patna. J. Vet. Parasitol., 22, 5-12.
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats, 10th ed. Elsevier Health Sci., Philadelphia., PA, USA, pp: 1498-1506.
Radostits, O.M., Blood, D.C., Gay, C.C., 1994. Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats, and Horses. 8th ed. London. Philadelphia, PA: Bailliere Tindall; 1181.
Rahmeto, A, Abebe, W., Bersissa, K., 2008. Epidemiology of Eimeria Infections in Calves in Addis Ababa and Debre Zeit Dairy farms, Ethiopia. Intern. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 6, 24-30.
Rebhun, W.C. 1995. Disease of Dairy Cattle .Williams And Wilkins,usa, 168-180.
Richey., 2004. Dedrickson, 2002. The Effect of Castration Timing and Preconditioning Program on Beef Calf Performance.
Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Alpizar, J.L., Torres-Acosta, J.F., 1996. Epidemiological factors associated to bovine coccidiosis in calves (Bos indicus) in a sub humid tropical climate. Rev. Biomed. 7, 211-218.
Souls by, E.J.L., 1982. Helminthes, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th ed. London. bailiere Tindal Cassell., 1982, 594-664.
Tauseef, U.r.R., Khan, M.N., Sajid, M., Abbas, R.Z., Arshad, M., Iqbal, Z., Iqbal, A., 2011. Epidemiology of Eimeria and associated risk factors in cattle of district Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan. Parasitol Res., 108, 1171-1177.
Thrusfield, M., 2007. Veterinary Epidemiology 3rd ed, Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Blackwell Science Ltd. a Blackwell Publish., 108, 1171-1177.
Urquhart, G.M., Armour, J., Duncan, J.L., Dunn, A.M., Jennings, F.W., 1996. Veterinary Parasitology 2nd edition. black well sci., Ltd 224-234.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Tadele Kabeta Yadeessa, Hailu Degefu Awash, Girma Kebede Gurmu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
