Evaluation of the response of Clibanarius africanus (Decapoda: Paguridae) to crude oil in static bioassay
Keywords:
Acute toxicity, Bonny light crude oil, Cliabanarius africanus, tidal creek, NigeriaAbstract
The acute toxicity of Nigeria Bonny light crude oil against hermit crab, Cliabanarius africanus of a tidal creek, Eastern Obolo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria was investigated in the laboratory under static bioassay. The test crude oil was found to be poorly toxic to the test organism, resulting in delayed mortality and consequent extension of the bioassay to 8 days. Based on the LC50, the toxicity of the test compound was more manifested on the 8 day than at 96 hour, with a toxicity factor showing that the test compound was approximately 12 times, more manifested against C. africanus on the 8 day than at 96 hour. Paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between 96h LC50 (549.9 ml l-1) and 8d LC50 (45.2 ml l-1). The results of this study indicated that C. africanus is not a good early warning indicator for oil pollution but its response during spills could serve as a good indicator of adverse impact.
References
Akpan, E.R., Frank, A.I., 2003. Effect of waste engine oil on phytoplankton of the Calabar River Estuary, Nigeria. Global J. Environ. Sci. 2(2), 112-116.
American Public health Association (APHA)., American Water Works Association (AWWA)., Water Pollution control Federation (WPCF)., 1985. Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water (16th edition). APHA, Washington.
Anderson, J.W., Neff, J.M.,Cax, B.A., Tatem, H.E., Hightower, G.M. 1974. Characteristics of dispersions and water-soluble extracts of crude and refined oils and their toxicity to estuarine crustaceans and fish. Mar. Biol. 27, 75-88.
Atlas, R.M., 1988. Biodegradation of wastes and pollutants. Fundamentals and applications. 2nd edition. Macmillian Publishing Company Inc., New York.
Baker, J.M., 1981. The investment of oil industry influences on tropical marine ecosystem. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 12(1), 5-13.
Chukwu, L.O., Odunzeh, C.C., 2006. Relative toxicity of spent lubricant oil and benthic macroinvertebrates of a West African Estuarine Lagoon. Environ. Biol. 27 (30), 479 – 484.
Daka, E.R., Ekweozor, I.K.E., 2004. Effect of size on the acute toxicity of crude oil to the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea gasar. J. Applied sci. Environ. Mgt. 8(2), 19-22.
Finney, D.J., 1982. Probit Analysis, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain.
Fuller, C., Bonner, J., Page, C., Ernest A., McDonald, T., McDonald, S., 2004. Comparative toxicity of oil, dispersant and oil-plus-dispersant to several marine species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23, 2941-2949.
Morrow, J.E., 1973. Oil induced mortalities in juvenile Coho and Sockeys salmon. J. Mar. Res. 31, 135-143.
Ndimele, P.E., Jenyo-Oni, A., Jibuike, C.C., 2010. Investigation of the acute toxicities of Nigerian crude oil, dispersant, sodium dodecyl sulphate and a mixture of crude oil-plus-dispersant to Desmocaris trispinosa. American-Eurasian J. Toxicol. Sci. 2(2), 100-107.
Neff, J.M., Ostazeski, S., Gardiner, W., Stejskal, I., 2000. Effects of weathering on the toxicity of three offshore Australian crude oils and a diesel fuel to marine animals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19(7), 1809 – 1821.
Odokuma, L.O., Oliwe, S.I., 2003. Toxicity of substituted benzene derivatives to four chemolithotrophic bacteria isolated from the New Calabar River, Nigeria. Global J. Environ. Sci., 2(2), 72-96.
Ogbeibu, A.E., 2005. Biostatistics –A practical approach to research and data handling. Mindex Publishing Company Ltd, Nigeria.
Ramachandran, S.D., Sweezey, M.J., Hodson, P.V., Boudreau, M., Counteney, S.C., Lee, K., 2006. Influence of salinity and fish species on PAH uptake from dispersed crude oil. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 52, 1182 – 1189.
Singer, M.M., George, S., Lee, I., Jacobson, S., Weetman, L.L., Blondina, G., Tjeerdema, R.S., Aurand, D., Sowby, M.L., 1998. Effects of dispersant treatment on the acute aquatic toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons. Arch. Environ, contam. Toxicol. 34, 177-187.
Singer, M.M., Jacobson, S., Hodgins, M., Tjeerdem, R.S., Sowby, M.L., 1999. Acute toxicological consequences of oil dispersal to marine organisms. in International Oil Spill Conference. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, USA. March 8th – 11th, 1999. Applied Publishers Ltd, pp. 297-299.
Smith, R.L., 1977. Elements of Ecology and Field Biology. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
Snowden, R.J., Ekweozor, I.K.E., 1987. The impact of a minor oil spillage in the estuarine Niger Delta. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 18(11), 595-599.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 B.J. Oribhabor, A.E. Asuquo, A.O. Ekwu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
