Gerbera performance and planting time
Keywords:
Agroclimate, Gerbera, Soil-climate analogues, Nutrient flow, Soil moisture regimeAbstract
Earning livelihood in response to climate change is the biggest threat to mankind. Emerging energy crisis coupled with unprecedented recent hike in fertilizer prices has further warranted towards finding alternative means to improve quality production of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook) through modulation in plant requirement agroclimatically. Soil-climate norms are, therefore, considered key to success of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook) in response to planting time. Studies carried out on Alfisols of humid tropical India under open field conditions suggested the optimum agropedological criteria as: nutrient regime (122.1-152.6 KMnO4-N, 6.1-7.2 Bray-P and 97.6-114.3 NH4OAc-K mg/kg) and climatic features (182.3-201.0 g/kg soil moisture, rain fall 96.2-223.5 mm/month, 5-8-6.80C hrs diurnal variation) in order to exploit upon the correct time of planting and harvesting maximum flowers yield of Gerbera grown on Alfisol. Exploiting rhizosphere microbial dynamics vis-à-vis differential changes in soil carbon pool and soil microbial community structure and diversity within the rhizosphere, thereby, paving the way towards usage of microbial consortium to safeguard against any possible nutrient mining within rhizosphere. Developments in soil-climate analogues-based nutrient dynamics vis-à-vis meteorological conditions, facilitating expansion of floriculture industry on sound scientific footing; tailoring fertilization through partitioning nutrients across physiological growth stages; arriving at dynamic nutrient diagnostics enabling identification of nutrient constraints at any growth stage of the crop coupled with biochemical marker aided diagnostics, have collectively added now look to the entire gamut of Gerbera nutrition in particular, and floriculture industry in general. These breakthroughs have eased out the complexities associated with various issues of Gerbera nutrition.
References
Aderson, S., De Andrade Jr., Lisânea, M.O., Damasceno Ildo, Da S. Dias, Hans R. Gheyi, Guiselini Cristiane, 2011. Climate variations in greenhouse cultivated with Gerbera and relationship with external conditions. J. Braz. Asso. Agric. Engg., 31(5), 857-867.
Autio, J., 2000. Supplementary lighting regimes strongly affect the quantity of Gerbera flower yield. Acta Hort., 515, 91-98.
Barooah, L. Talukdar M.C., 2009. Evaluation of different Gerbera (Gerbera jamsonii Bolus ex Hooker F.) cultivars under agroclimatic conditions of Jorhat. Assam. J. Orn. Hort., 12(2), 106-110.
Benedetto, A.di., Boschi C., Klasman R., Molinari, J., 2003. Ornamental bedding plant growth in different growing media. J. Orn. Hort., 9(2), 171-177.
Bijay Kumar, Mistry, N.C., Brajendra Singh, Chander P. Gandhi, 2010. Indian Horticulture Database 2009, pp. 14-15.
Bremer, K., 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Portland: Timber Press.
Brickell, C., Zuk J.D., 1997. A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. The American Horticultural Society, D.K. Publishing Inc. New York.
Chobe, R.R., Pachankar, P.B., Warade, S.D., 2010. Performance of different cultivars of Gerbera under polyhouse conditions. Asian J. Hort., 5(2), 333-335.
Deepak, Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, 2000. Seasonal response on Gerbera cultivars. J. Orn. Hort., New Series 3(2), 103-106.
Farina, E., Paterniani T., Cervelli, C., Palagi M. Volpi, L., 1993. Gerbera cultivation using different night temperature regimes. Prot. Crops., 22(7), 69-74.
Gagnon, S., Dansereau, B., 1990. Influence of light and photoperiod on growth and development of Gerbera. Acta Hort., 272, 145-151.
Guba, W., 1994. The effect of pH in the root medium on production and quality of Gerbera grown on rockwool. J. Fruit Orn. Pl. Res., 2(3),123-134.
Gurav, S.B., Patil, S.S.D., Patil, M.T., Katwate, S.M., Singh, B.R., 2002. Studies on planting technique and spacing for Gerbera under low cost polytunnel. In :
Proceedings of the National Symposium on Indian Floriculture in the New Millennium, Floriculture Research trend in India, Lal Bagh, Bangalore, 25-27 February, pp. 317-318.
Gurav, S.B., Singh, B.R., Desai, U.T., Katwate, S.M., Kakade, D.S., Dhane, A.V. 2005. Effect of spacing on yield and quality of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook) under polyhouse. J. Orn. Hort., New-Series 8(1), 62-64.
Hahn, EunJoo, Jeon, MinWha, Paek KeeYoeup, 2001. Culture method and growing medium affect growth and flower quality of several Gerbera cultivars. Acta Hort., 548, 385-391.
Halvey, A.H., Mayak S., 1981. Sensence and post harvest physiology of cut flowers Part II. Hort. Rev., 3, 59-143.
Harris, E.M., 1995. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in Asteraceae: a synthesis of historical and current concepts. Bot. Rev., 61, 193-278.
Hoogerwerf, A., Van Doorn, W.G., 1992. Number of bacteria in aqueous solutions used for post harvest handling of cut flowers. Post Harvest Bio. Tech. 1(4), 295-304.
Horn, W., Wricke, G., Weber W.E., 1974. Genotypic and environmental effects on characters expression in Gerbera jamesonii. Gareten Sci., 39(3), 289-300.
Issa, M., Ouzounidou, G., Maloupa, H., Constantinidou, H.I.A., 2001. Seasonal and diurnal photosynthetic responses of two Gerbera cultivars to different substrates and heating systems. Sci. Hort., 88(3), 215-234.
Jacob, M., 1997. Beneficial organisms increase yield and resistance of Gerbera. TASPO Hort. Mag., 6(12), 56-57.
Jamaludin, A.F.M., Das, C., Shammy, F.H., Foysal, M., Islam, M.S., 2012. Growth and flowering performance of potted Gerbera, Gerbera jamsonni L. under different light intensity. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci., 36(2), 226-226.
Jong, J. De. 1985. Gerbera can be a long lasting cut flower. J. Flori., 40(43), 111.
Katsukawa, K., Aoki, M., Inamoto K., Doi, M., Matsuyama K., Imanishi, H., 2000. Growth and flowering of Gerbera plants grown on temperature-regulated rockwool medium in relation to photosynthesis and water potentials. J. Soc. High Tech. Agri., 12(4), 248-253.
Kaur, K., Gill A.P.S., Ramesh Kumar, 1996. Effect of modified environments on plant growth and flowering production of Gerbera. Madras Agric. J., 83(11), 681-683.
Keditsu, Rokolhuii, 2012a. Response of Gerbera to inorganic fertilization versus organic manuring. Ann. Pl. Soil Res. 14(2), 163-166.
Keditsu, Rokolhuii, 2012b. Agronomic performance and variation of flower characteristics of Gerbera under varying soil condition and open field cultivation. J. Agric. Phy., 12(2), 1-12.
Keditsu, Rokolhuii , 2013a. Gerbera: Soil fertility and plant nutrition. Sci. J. Agric., 2(3), 97-114
Keditsu, Rokolhuii , 2013b. Gerbera Nutrition. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, pp. 1-276.
Keditsu, Rokolhuii, 2013c. Nutrient dynamics in open field floriculture : Some thoughts. Agrotechnol. 2,2 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2168-9881.1000e105.
Keditsu, Rokolhuii, 2013d. Agropedology on performance of open field Gerbera. Ann. Pl. Soil Res., 15(1),65-69.
Keditsu, Rokolhuii, 2013e. Performance of open field Gerbera in resposne to planting time. African J. Agri. Res., 8(23), 3068-3074 .
Khandpal, K., Kumar, S., Srivastava, R., Ramchandra, 2003. Evaluation of Gerbera (Gerbera jamsonii) cultivars under Tarai conditions. J. Orn. Hort., 6(3), 252-235.
Kiranjeet, Kaur, Gill A.P.S., Ramesh Kumar, 1997. Growth and flowering behaviour of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) in sub-tropical region of north-west plains of India. J. Orn. Hort., 3(1/2), 26-29.
Kundu, K.K., Jaisingh V.K., Suhag K.S., 1997. India’s floriculture exports – growth status, constraints and export strategies : An analysis. Indian J. Agri. Mrkting., 11(1&2), 37-40.
Lisiecka, A., 1996. The yield of Gerberas grown in cold tunnels in relation to the date of planting. Agric. Sci. & Forest., 81, 283-294.
Longchar, A., Keditsu, Rokolhuii, 2013. Flower yield and vase life of Gerbera in response to planting time and organic manures on Alfisol. Sci. J. Agri., 2(3), 124-128
Loser, H. 1986. New Gerbera cultivars at Heidellorgg. Deutscher Gartenbau, 40(32),1461-1464.
Martínez, F.X., Fabregas X., Tapia, L., Caballero, A., 1993. Effects of short term substrates flooding on gaseous exchange of carnation. Acta Hort., 342, 77-84.
Meeteren, U. Van, 1978. Water relations and keeping quality of cut Gerbera flowers. I. The cause of stem break. Sci. Hort., 8(1),68-74.
Meng, Xiang Chun, Xing Tim, XiaoJin Wang, 2004. The role of light in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in Gerbera hybrida. Pl. Grwth. Regulat., 44(3), 243-250.
Nair, A., Sujatha, K., Medhi, R.P., 2002. Performance of Gerbera cultivars in Bray Island. Indian J. Hort. 59(8), 322-325.
Noordwijk, M. van, Brouwer, G., 1993. Gas-filled root porosity in response to temporary low oxygen supply in different growth stages. Pl. Soil, 152(2), 187-199.
Olivella, C., Biel C., Vendrell M., Save, R., 2000. Hormonal and physiological responses of Gerbera jamesonii to flooding stress. HortSci., 35(2), 222-225.
Os, P.C.van., Koster,R.de, vander Wurff. A.A.M., 1989. Day/night temperatures affect production and quality of Gerbera. J. Flori., 44(7), 56-57.
Papadopoulou, E., Gerasopoulos D., Maloupa, E., 1996. Effect of the substrate and frequency of irrigation on growth, yield and quality of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus cultivated in pots. Int. J. Agric. Sci., 126(3), 297-302.
Parthasarthy, V.A., Nagaraju. E., 2003. Evaluation of Gerbera under mid-hills of Meghalaya. J. Orn. Hort., 6(4), 376-380.
Pettersen, R.I., Gislerod, H.R., 2003. Effects of lighting period and temperature on growth, yield and keeping quality of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus. Europ. J. Hort. Sci., 68(1), 32-37.
Pytlewski, C.A., 1989. Trials on the growing method and fertilization of young Gerbera plants obtained from in vitro culture. III. Effect of growing method on plant growth and cropping. Orn. Plants, Series B. 14, 49-54.
Rogers, M.N., 1973. A historical and critical review of post harvest physiology research on cut flowers. Hort Sci., 8, 189-194.
Sarkar, I., Ghimiray, T.S., 2004. Performance of Gerbera under protected condition in hilly region of West .Bengal. J. Orn. Hort., 7(3, 4), 230-234.
Shamasundaran, K.S., Singh, K.P., Mandhar, S.C., 2002. Standardization of optimum size and shape of plots for Gerbera under naturally ventilated greenhouse condition. Indian J. Hort., 59(4), 431-434.
Shin, H.K., Kim, J.Y., Shin, R.W., Ko, J.Y., 1994. Seasonal fluctuation of yield and quality of cut flowers in Gerbera hybrids. J. Agri. Sci. Hort., 36(1), 444-452.
Singh, K.P., 2001. Agro-techniques for Gerbera cultivation in India. Flori. Today 5, 9-13.
Singh, K.P., Sangama, 2002. Influence of cultivars and flower stalk length on vase life of Gerbera. In : Proceedings of the National Symposium on Indian Floriculture in the New Millennium”, Floriculture Research Trend in India Lal Bagh, Bangalore, 25,27 February, pp. 324-325.
Sujatha, K., Gowda, J.V.N., Khan, M.M., 2002. Effects of different fertigation levels on Gerbera under low cost greenhouse. J. Orn. Hort., New Series 5(1), 54-59.
Syros, T., Yupsanis T., Omirou M., Economou, A., 2000. Photosynthetic response and peroxidases in relation to water and nutrient deficiency in Gerbera. Environ. Exp. Bot., 52(1), 23-31.
Thangam, M., Ladaniya, M.S., Korikanthimath V.S., 2009. Performance of Gerbera varieties in different growing media under coastal humid conditions of Goa. Indian J. Hort. 66(1), 79-82.
Tourjee, K.R., James Harding, Thomas G. Byrne, 1994. Early development of Gerbera as a floriculture crop HortTech., 4, 134-140.
Wang, GouLiang, Wu, ZhuHua., Tang, GengGuo, Wang, YouLiang, Li XuePing, 2001. The effects of rhizosphere heating on flower yields and quality of soilless growing Gerbera during winter. Acta. Hort., Sinica 28(2), 144-148.
Wankhede, S., Gajbhiye, R.P., 2013. Evaluation of Gerbera varieties for growth and flowering under shed net. Int. J. Hort. 3(19), 42-45.
Yu, Y., Harding, J., Byrne T., 1990. Inheritance of flowering time and its application for indirect selection in the Davis population of Gerbera. HortSci. 25(11), 1357-1358.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2013 Rokolhuii Keditsu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
