Status of some selected renal function indicators in cigarette smokers

Authors

  • O. O. Festus Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria
  • B. O. Idonije Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria
  • G. O. Eidangbe Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria
  • S. O. Agbebaku Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria

Keywords:

Renal Function, Cigarette Smoker, Urea, Creatinine, Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium

Abstract

In recent years, it has become apparent that smoking has a negative impact on renal function, being one of the most important avoidable renal risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the renal function of cigarette smokers. The study was carried out on one hundred and sixty (160) subjects comprising of one hundred (100) cigarette smokers and sixty (60) apparently healthy non-smokers serving as control. Renal function was assessed by measuring the levels of plasma urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate using standard colorimetric methods as indicators. In this study, it was observed that there was no significant difference in the levels of urea, creatinine, chloride and bicarbonate when compared with control. There was significant increase (p < 0.05) in sodium level (143.76±5.45) when compared with control (139.85±4.03) (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in potassium level (3.86±0.54) when compared with control (4.08±0.49) (p<0.05). Conclusively, Smoking has an acute increasing effect on plasma sodium levels and at the same time decreasing the plasma potassium level. We therefore suggest that clearance test be done on smokers for more detail assessment of their renal function.

References

Chapman, A.B., Johnson, A.M., Gabow, P.A., Schrier, R.W., 1994. Overt proteinuria and microalbuminuria in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 5,1349–1354.

Evans, D.B., 1978. Acute Renal Failure. Br . J. Hosp. Med., 19,597-604.

Gambaro, G., Verlato, F., Budakovic, A., Casara, D., Saladini, G., Del Prete, D., Bertaglia, G., Masiero, M., Checchetto, S., Baggio, B., 1998. Renal impairment in chronic cigarette smokers. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 9,562–567.

Goldzierher, J.W., Stone, G., 1948. The colorimetric determination of sodium and its application to the study of sodium and chloride balance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 8(7),620.

Halimi, J.M., Philippon, C., Mimran, A., 1998. Contrasting renal effects of nicotine in smokers and never-smokers. Nephrol Dial Transplan, 13, 940–944.

Klag, M.J., Whelton, P.K., Randall, B.L., Neaton, J.D., Brancati, F.L., Ford, C.E., Shulman, N.B., Stamler, J., 1996. Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men. N. Engl. J. Med., 334,13– 18.

Matthieu, T. Jose Roberto, O.T., 1992. Turbidimetric determination of potassium of potassium with tissue with sodium tetraphenylboron. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 23(2), 123-128.

Micheal, M.B., Dereck, P.H., Brian, A.N., Fritz, L., 1987. Utilization of bicarbonate by apple fruit phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Phytochem., 26(9), 2475-2476.

Olivarius, N.F., Andreasen, A.H., Keiding, N., Mogensen, C.E., 1993. Epidemiology of renal involvement in newly diagnosed middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients: Cross-sectional data from the population-based study "Diabetes Care in General Practice," Denmark. Diabetologia, 36,1007–1016.

Orth, S.R., Ritz, E., Schrier, R.W., 1997. Renal risks of smoking. Kidney Int; 51, 169–1677.

Philip, D.M., 1994. Clinical chemistry in Diagnosis and treatment, 6th Edn, ELBS Publication: Pp. 63-66.

Pomerleau, O.F., 1992. Nicotine and the central nervous system: biobehavioral effect of cigarette smoking. Am. J. Med., 93 (1A), 2S-7S.

Reisine, T.D., Mezey, E., Palkovits, M., Heisler, S., Axelrod, J., 1984. Bet adrenergic control of adrenocorticotrophic hormone release from the anterior pituitary. Catecholamines: Neuropharmacology and central nervous system. Thoeretical aspect: Alan, R. Liss, New York, Pp. 419-423.

Ritz, E., Benck, U., Franek, E., Keller, C., Seyfarth, M., Clorius, J., 1998. Effects of smoking on renal hemodynamics in healthy volunteers and in patients with glomerular disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 9,1798–1804.

Rowe, J.W., Andres, R., Tobin, J.D., Norris, A.H., Shock, N.W., 1976. The effect of age on creatinine clearance in men: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J. Gerontol., 31, 55–63.

Sims, G.K., 2006. Using the berthelot method for nitrites and nitrates analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70(3), 1038.

Stegmay, B., Lithner, F., 1987. Tobacco and end-stage diabetic nephropathy. BMJ., 295, 581–582.

Stevens, L.A., Coresh, J., Greene, T., Levey, A.S., 2006. “Assessing kidney function in measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate”. The New England J. Med., 345 (23), 2473-2483.

Toora, B.D., Rajagopal, G., 2002. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 40(3), 352-354.

Tziomalos, K., Charsoulis, F., 2004. Endocrine effect of tobacco smoking. Clin. Endocrinol., 61(6), 664-674.

Valderrabano, F., Jones, E.H.P., Mallick, N.P., 1995. Report on management of renal failure in Europe, XXIV, 1993. Nephrol Dial Transplant., 10(5), 1–25.

Published

2013-07-30

How to Cite

O. Festus, O., O. Idonije, B., O. Eidangbe, G., & O. Agbebaku, S. (2013). Status of some selected renal function indicators in cigarette smokers. Scientific Journal of Crop Science, 2(7), 132-137. Retrieved from http://sjournals.com/index.php/sjcs/article/view/1577

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 7 (2013): July

Section

Original Article

License

Copyright (c) 2013 O. O. Festus, B. O. Idonije, G. O. Eidangbe, S. O. Agbebaku

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.